Professional Services Review (PSR) investigates suspected cases of inappropriate practice by health practitioners on request from Medicare Australia. ‘Inappropriate practice’ is practice that would be unacceptable to the general body of the profession. Investigations are conducted by the Director of PSR who may refer the health practitioners to a committee of peers. PSR examines services provided by a health practitioner to determine inappropriate rendering or initiation of services that attract a Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) payment, or prescriptions under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). The PSR Scheme covers medical practitioners, dentists, optometrists, chiropractors, physiotherapists, podiatrists and osteopaths. The role and functions of PSR are set out in the Health Insurance Act 1973. PSR is prescribed as an Agency under the Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997.