Established in 1836, ICE Publishing is a leading provider of information for researchers and practitioners worldwide in the fields of civil and environmental engineering and materials science. The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) is an influential, not for profit, professional membership body. It provides unrivalled support to its 95,000 civil engineer members around the world. As ICE’s publishing division, our wide range of journals, archives and books provide a gold-standard reference point for industry and academia and make up the most comprehensive civil engineering portfolio in the world. We provide important financial support to help ICE to fulfil its charitable mission to “benefit society and advance the field of civil engineering”. www.icevirtuallibrary.com Visit to explore our electronic content including 35 peer reviewed journals, archives dating back to 1836 and over 1500 eBooks. You can also find out more about becoming an ICE Publishing author. www.icebookshop.com Discover our latest books including reference works, edited collections, specifications and best practice guides.