The Infant Mental Health Journal publishes peer-reviewed research articles, review articles, brief reports and thematic collections that focus on early social-emotional development in the context of families, caregiving environments, communities and culture. IMHJ is the official publication of the World Association for Infant Mental Health (WAIMH) and the Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health (MI-AIMH) and is copyrighted by MI-AIMH. Infant and early childhood mental health refers to the social-emotional health of infants, toddlers and very young children in the context of their families, caregiving environments, communities and cultures. The journal also places an emphasis on the ways in which applied research informs practice, policy, and the field of infant and early childhood mental health. IMHJ is dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach to the optimal development of infants, toddlers, their families and caregivers, and, therefore, welcomes submissions from all disciplinary perspectives. Journal articles attract scholars and practitioners from many disciplines including child development, early childhood education, early childcare, human development, family studies, nursing, pediatrics, psychology, and social work.