Annals of Botany is an international not-for-profit plant science journal that publishes research on important and substantial plant science topics. A rigorous review process ensures that readers are exposed to genuine and novel advances across a wide spectrum of botanical knowledge. Annals of Botany welcomes papers in all areas of plant science. These include those applying molecular, analytical, mathematical and statistical techniques to examine topical questions at any level of biological organization ranging from cell to community, from tissue culture to crop production, and from microclimate to ecosystem. Its scope extends to all flowering and non-flowering taxa, and to taxonomic and evolutionary questions particularly when these are addressed using molecular tools.