The Ioffe Institute is one of Russia’s largest institutions for research in physics and technology with a wide variety of operating projects. It was founded in 1918 and run by Abram Ioffe. The Ioffe Institute is considered the cradle of Soviet physics. Such outstanding scientists as Landau, Kapitsa started their career here, many physicists — among them Zeldovich, Kurchatov, Tamm. Twice, the Nobel Prize was awarded for the works performed at the Ioffe Institute. In 1956, academician Semyonov (together with Hinshelwood) got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for a discovery and study of chain reactions: the works were made and published in 1927. In 2000 Alferov became a Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (together with Kroemer and Kilby) for the development of semiconductor heterostructures for high-speed optoelectronics.