Innovative Concepts, Inc. (ICI) was founded in 1985 by two engineers from M/A-COM Linkabit. In its early years, ICI focused on satellite programs. ICI developed custom solutions for the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on space based projects including the Deep Space Program Science Experiment (DSPSE), Naval Earth Map Observer (NEMO), and Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI). ICI also developed the Iridium Constellation Side Emulator (CSE). In 1991, ICI developed the Improved Data Modem (IDM) which was fielded on the several aircraft including the F-16, AH-64D Apache Longbow, OH-58 Kiowa Warrior, UH-60 Blackhawk, and CH-47 Chinook. In 1999, ICI developed the Personal Computer Improved Data Modem (PCIDM), which was used by Air Force Tactical Air Control Parties (TACPs) to relay targeting information to aircraft including the F/A-18, F-16, and AV-8B. In 2005, ICI was acquired by Herley Industries, Inc. (Nasdaq: HRLY). In 2008, ICI was acquired by Elbit Systems of America (ESA), which is owned by Elbit Systems Limited (Nasdaq: ESLT).