The Journal of Risk and Financial Management (ISSN 1911-8074) is an open access journal that publishes the leading research on finance, economics and risk. The journal publishes reviews, regular research papers, and short communications, as well as Special Issues on particular subjects. Scope: Banking and Finance Mathematics and Finance Economics and Finance Risk Sustainability and Finance Financial Markets Financial Technology and Innovation Business and Entrepreneurship Tourism: Economics, Finance and Management Energy and Environment: Economics, Finance and Policy