We provide solutions used to create microarrays of all types, printed on semiconductors, glass slides, and various plastic surfaces, such as microtiter plates. The arrays are typically used to achieve multiplexed testing for diagnostics applications, allergy testing, genetic identification, ... They include oligo arrays, Ag arrays, Ab arrays and are well suited to look at gene expression. Beyond biologicals, chemical reagents can be spotted onto electrochemical sensors to enable sensor chip manufacturing for environmental testing, such as for monitoring air and water quality, food supply safety, and biodefense.