The Annals of African Surgery (ISSN: 1999-9674 [print], 2523-0816 [online]) is a bi-annual publication that aims to provide a medium for the exchange of current information between surgeons in the African region. The journal embraces surgery in all its aspects: basic science, clinical research, experimental research, and surgical education. The Annals of African Surgery helps surgeons in the region keep abreast of developing surgical innovations. Types of articles published: -Original articles -Case reports -Case series -Reviews -Short communications -Letters to the editor -Commentaries Scope Annals of African Surgery publishes manuscripts in the following fields: – Cardiac and thoracic surgery – General surgery – Neurosurgery – Oral and maxillofacial surgery – Trauma and orthopaedic surgery – Otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat surgery) – Paediatric surgery – Plastic and reconstructive surgery – Urology surgery – Gynecologic surgery – Surgical education – Medical education – Global surgery – Health advocacy – Innovations in surgery – Basic sciences – Anatomical sciences – Genetic and molecular studies