The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Ikerbasque – the Basque Foundation for Science fostered the creation of the Basque Center for Neuroscience research devoted to the figure of Nicolas Achucarro (Bilbao, 1880-1918), the first international recognized Basque neuroscientist. Achucarro performs work-class research in the study of neuronal-glial biology in normal and pathological brain, which is the base for training students and disseminate the created knowledge to the Society, so well-being of people and sustainable social development is fostered. Achucarro focuses its research on the brain function in physiology and pathophysiology, with a particular emphasis on: • In-depth understanding of the organisation and information processing in neural circuitries; • Identification of genetic and molecular backgrounds of neural circuits during development and ageing; • Characterisation of genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases; and • Translational research aimed at the development of new strategies for the treatment of brain diseases.