The AVESTAGENOME Project® was conceptualized with the intent of building a complete genealogical, medical, and genetic database of the Parsi population in India. In addition, it seeks to use the power of Population Genetics and Systems Biology for discovering novel biomarkers and novel drug targets for complex diseases. The Parsis are a well-defined population of less than 50,000 individuals in India. Well-documented genealogical charts demonstrate an unbroken lineage for 300 years. Generations of marriages within the community resulted in an increased evidence of positive traits, such as greater longevity, and certain diseases, like stroke, heart disease, specific cancers, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. The Project aims at studying human diseases by bringing together genetic, disease and genealogical data of the Parsi community and studying the links between these aspects with a view of advancing the knowledge of inherited components for human disease.